As AI transformation expands in manufacturing, intelligent technologies are increasingly applied to CNC machine tools and machining processes. In multi-product, small-batch production environments, frequent product changes require flexible and autonomous process planning. This study proposes a standard data integration-based intelligent process planning system that automatically performs the entire process from 3D model input to NC code generation. To enable intelligent process planning, data across all stages—from feature recognition to machining execution—must be integrated into a unified flow and connected with AI-based decision-making. The proposed system uses an ISO 14649-based XML schema to sequentially link data generated by each module, ensuring standardized information flow. Based on this framework, rulebased feature recognition, constraint-based process planning, and machine learning-based cutting condition optimization are implemented. A prototype system was developed to validate the approach, automatically generating NC code for industrial parts and performing actual CNC machining. Experimental results confirmed the feasibility and validity of the proposed system. This study demonstrates that standardized data integration combined with AI technologies can enable autonomous, flexible, and efficient process planning for advanced manufacturing environments.
NC machining data, which cause excessive cutting force, accelerate tool wear, reduce the roughness of machined surfaces, and in severe cases, result in tool breakage and material waste. Thus, the cutting conditions should be optimized according to the material-spindle speed-feed rate combination. However, it is very difficult to perfectly predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of machining, such as tool vibration and wear, and spindle thermal deformation. Further, predicted tool paths are accompanied by machining errors. This study proposes an advanced adaptive control method that can balance the machining load, improve tool life, and reduce machining time. The proposed method 1) synchronizes the spindle load and NC-data and stores it, 2) analyzes the stored data to create a reference curve that can balance the machining load, 3) adjusts the tool feed rate using a reference curve, 4) engages rapid traverse when the load is small, and 5) applies an approach feed rate when the tool approaches a workpiece, reducing the impact on the tool when the tool meets the workpiece. Case examples proved that the use of the proposed balanced load reduced machining time and increased tool life.
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A Review of Intelligent Machining Process in CNC Machine Tool Systems Joo Sung Yoon, Il-ha Park, Dong Yoon Lee International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing.2025; 26(9): 2243. CrossRef