The purpose of this study was to investigate the springback behavior of magnesium alloy (AZ31B) at high temperature with respect to the holding time in the die-set. The changes of microstructure in the springback during V-Bending were analyzed. The springback of the magnesium alloy sheet showed a tendency to decrease as the forming temperature and the retention time in the die increase. In the microstructure analysis, there was minimal change in the microstructure at room temperature, while at high temperature the microstructure changed markedly. The increasing material holding time in die has been shown to reduce springback from internal energy reduction because of recrystallization and grain growth at high temperature.
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Analysis of acoustic emission signals during bending deformation of magnesium alloy sheet Jae-Hyeong Yu, In-Gyu Choi, Jung-Sik Yoon, John S. Kang, Wan-Jin Chung, Chang-Whan Lee Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation.2025; : 1. CrossRef
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As emission regulation of vehicles is being reinforced globally, the current requirement of the automobile industry are innovative green technologies that reduce the weight of the vehicle, thereby improving fuel consumption and the amount of exhaust gas emission. The application of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) for vehicles has specifically been studied for light weight of vehicles. UHSS withstands greater loads than a general steel sheet of the same thickness. The spring-back and formability of the UHSS are also worse than general steel sheet due to their high elasticity and high yield strength. Various methods applied for processing UHSS include roll-forming and hot-press forming. However, these processes have not only high installation cost but also low productivity. This study therefore developed the cold-press forming method to overcome these disadvantages. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions of the cold press required to form the upper seat track using UHSS. Forming analysis predicted the spring-back at each stage of the press forming. The prediction of spring-back was compared with the manufactured upper seat track by try-out, thereby reducing trial and error in the pressing process.
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In sheet metal forming numerical analysis, the strain hardening equation has a significant effect on calculation results, especially in the field of spring-back. This study introduces the Kim-Tuan strain hardening model. This model represents sheet material behavior over the entire strain hardening range. The proposed model is compared to other well known strain hardening models using a series of uniaxial tensile tests. These tests are performed to determine the stress-strain relationship for Al6016-T4, DP980, and CP Ti sheets. In addition, the Kim-Tuan model is used to integrate the CP Ti sheet strain hardening equation in ABAQUS analysis to predict spring-back amount in a bending test. These tests highlight the improved accuracy of the proposed equation in the numerical field. Bending tests to evaluate prediction accuracy are also performed and compared with numerical analysis results.
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