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상용 CFD 프로그램을 이용한 풍력터빈 축소 모델 해석 및 실험적 검증

CFD Analysis of the Mechanical Power and the Wake of a Scaled Wind Turbine and Its Experimental Validation

Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021;38(3):223-233.
Published online: March 1, 2021

1 강원대학교 대학원 신산업개발T-EMS융합학과

2 강원대학교 메카트로닉스공학과

1 Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Graduate School, Kangwon National University

2 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kangwon National University

#E-mail: paek@kangwon.ac.kr, TEL: +82-33-252-6371
• Received: December 2, 2020   • Revised: January 21, 2021   • Accepted: January 26, 2021

Copyright © The Korean Society for Precision Engineering

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Design and Performance Analysis for 3 MW Waste Pressure Steam Turbine Using 2D and 3D Numerical Simulation
    Hwabhin Kwon, Jong Yun Jung, Joon Seob Kim, Ye Lim Jung, Heesung Park
    Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2021; 38(6): 455.     CrossRef

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CFD Analysis of the Mechanical Power and the Wake of a Scaled Wind Turbine and Its Experimental Validation
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(3):223-233.   Published online March 1, 2021
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CFD Analysis of the Mechanical Power and the Wake of a Scaled Wind Turbine and Its Experimental Validation
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng.. 2021;38(3):223-233.   Published online March 1, 2021
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CFD Analysis of the Mechanical Power and the Wake of a Scaled Wind Turbine and Its Experimental Validation
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Scaled wind turbine
Fig. 2 Blade of scaled wind turbine
Fig. 3 Airfoil of RG14 and airfoil pre-processing
Fig. 4 Rotating domain
Fig. 5 Result of rotor mesh
Fig. 6 Flow field modeling and boundary condition for y+ test
Fig. 7 Rotor surface of y+
Fig. 8 Wind tunnel modeling
Fig. 9 Wind tunnel mesh
Fig. 10 Boundary condition
Fig. 11 Schematic drawing of the KOCED wind tunnel23 (Adapted from Ref. 23 on the basis of OA)
Fig. 12 Configuration of the wake measurement setup
Fig. 13 Wake shape in lateral direction at various downstream distances (Below rated wind speed)
Fig. 14 Wake shape in lateral direction at various downstream distances (Above rated wind speed)
Fig. 15 Wake by the cases
Fig. 16 CP-TSR
CFD Analysis of the Mechanical Power and the Wake of a Scaled Wind Turbine and Its Experimental Validation

Specification of scaled wind turbine

Property Units Value
Number of blade - 3
Rotor diameter m 1.1
Hub height m 0.91
Fine pitch angle degree 0.5
Rated power W 39.8
Rated wind speed m/s 5.5

Boundary condition for checking y+

Property Units Value
Inlet m/s 5.5
Opening atm 1
Outlet atm 1
Rotating speed rpm 678
Pitch angle degree 0.5

Boundary condition according to control region

Boundary condition
Below rated Above rated
Pitch angle [degree] 0.5 5.37
Inlet [m/s] 5.07 6.20
Inlet turbulent intensity [%] 12.0 12.3
Rotor speed [rpm] 611.4 678.0
Side, Top, Bottom No slip wall
Outlet Atmospheric pressure

Design criteria for the wind tunnel23 (Adapted from Ref. 23 on the basis of OA)

Item Specification
Type Closed circuit vertical circulation
Test section
(W × H × L) [m]
12 × 2.5 × 40 (Low)
5 × 2.5 × 20 (High)
Wind speed [m/s] 0.3-12 (Low)
0.5-30 (High)
Turbulence intensity without wedge [%] < 1.5

Averaged wind speed ratio within rotor diameter at wind speed lower than rated wind speed

3.66 D 4.71 D 5.75 D
Exp (a) 0.77 0.78 0.79
SST (b) 0.59 0.61 0.64
k-ε (c) 0.61 0.64 0.66
(b-a)/a*100 [%] 23.3 20.8 16.9
(c-a)/a*100 [%] 20.1 16.8 14.3

Averaged wind speed ratio within rotor diameter at wind speed higher than rated wind speed

3.66 D 4.71 D 5.75 D
Exp 0.81 0.82 0.84
SST 0.76 0.77 0.78
k-ε (c) 0.78 0.79 0.80
(b-a)/a*100 [%] 6.17 4.94 3.70
(c-a)/a*100 [%] 3.70 2.47 1.23

Mechanical power at below rated wind speed

Electrical power [W] Error [%]
Exp 29.01 -
SST 28.82 0.7
k-ε 27.5 5

Mechanical power at above rated wind speed

Electrical power [W] Error [%]
Exp 39.64 -
SST 35.92 9.3
k-ε 33.5 15.5

Mechanical power by cases

Electrical power [W] Error [%]
Case 1 35.92 -
Case 2 35.75 0.5
Case 3 35.72 0.6

Number of element by the cases

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Rotating
domain
20,403,476 18,362,576 18,362,576
Stationary
domain
5,967,244 5,967,244 5,710,510
Total 26,370,720 24,329,820 24,073,086

Power coefficient (Below rated wind speed)

Cp Error [%]
Exp 0.381 -
SST 0.383 0.5
k - ε 0.366 -3.9
BEMT 0.408 7.1

Power coefficient (Below rated wind speed)

Cp Error [%]
Exp 0.286 -
SST 0.257 -10.1
k-ε 0.239 -16.4
BEMT 0.339 18.5
Table 1 Specification of scaled wind turbine
Table 2 Boundary condition for checking y+
Table 3 Boundary condition according to control region
Table 4 Design criteria for the wind tunnel23 (Adapted from Ref. 23 on the basis of OA)
Table 5 Averaged wind speed ratio within rotor diameter at wind speed lower than rated wind speed
Table 6 Averaged wind speed ratio within rotor diameter at wind speed higher than rated wind speed
Table 7 Mechanical power at below rated wind speed
Table 8 Mechanical power at above rated wind speed
Table 9 Mechanical power by cases
Table 10 Number of element by the cases
Table 11 Power coefficient (Below rated wind speed)
Table 12 Power coefficient (Below rated wind speed)