Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality in the aviation sector. Among various production methods, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis using eco-friendly syngas has garnered significant attention. Two primary routes for producing syngas for FT synthesis—Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) and Water Electrolysis combined with Reverse Water Gas Shift (WE&RWGS)—are actively being studied. As upstream processes, these routes are evaluated for their potential to provide low-carbon syngas for FT synthesis. However, comprehensive comparisons between these two pathways are limited, despite their importance for future technology planning and decision-making. In this study, we conduct a comparative evaluation of DRM- and WE&RWGS-based SAF production systems using virtual process design, along with life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), to assess their environmental and economic viability as future technologies. LCA results indicate that the DRM-based route has more than four times lower environmental impact compared to the WE&RWGS-based system. The majority of the environmental burden arises from feedstock supply (CH4 and CO2) and energy inputs. TEA results suggest that while the base case scenario demonstrates limited economic feasibility, future scenarios that incorporate economies of scale and policy incentives show promise for long-term economic viability.
The Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) legally mandates the prediction and verification process of the Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) in signaling and communication systems. Recently, domestic regulations, including the Railroad Safety Act, have been strengthened in order to better meet the requirements for participating in international projects. To comply with these regulatory requirements, manufacturers and development organizations must prepare verification data pertaining to the reliability and safety of railway components and related systems. This paper aims to analyze the requirements of Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) through international laws and standards, and subsequently propose a compliant FMECA system for the domestic railway industry. The proposed FMECA system is then compared with the analysis results of actual failure data to determine its suitability for establishing a Reliability, Availability, Maintainability (RAM) verification standard for railway products in relation to conformity assessment.
The sanding device support bracket is part of the axle box and is one of the railway vehicles parts that must withstand extremely harsh environments. Conventional welded structure type brackets were cracked at welds during operation, requiring design changes. To minimize harsh environments and manufacturing errors, this review was conducted from the design stage, and design changes were made through several trial and error. In this paper, the optimal design was derived by performing topology optimization on the model designed and manufactured through trial and error and applied to the actual vehicle. The comparison of the existing model with the empirically designed model confirmed the improvement of the optimal design using the topology optimization. The optimized design was verified by the analysis and the vibration test of IEC 61373 was satisfied. The test parts based on the optimal design were applied to the actual vehicle and the performance was verified. In the optimum design process, the shape and material as well as the weight analysis were performed and finally the brackets were designed to be light in weight and improved in strength.
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