This study examined how knee sleeve application affects the knee adduction moment (KAM), knee adduction angle (KAA), and knee muscle activation during gait in eleven healthy individuals. Participants completed walking trials under four conditions: a control condition without a sleeve (Normal) and three sleeve conditions with distinct compression characteristics (Motion, Slim, and Strong). KAM, KAA, and surface electromyography (EMG) from five lower limb muscles were compared across conditions. Neither KAM nor KAA differed significantly among the conditions (p > 0.05). In contrast, knee extensor EMG was lower under specific sleeve conditions than under Normal (p < 0.05). Because muscle forces contribute substantially to knee contact force during gait, this reduced activation may indicate lower internal knee joint loading. These findings suggest that, in healthy individuals, certain knee sleeves may alter neuromuscular strategies without producing detectable changes in KAM or KAA, although further validation is needed.
The knee adduction moment (KAM) is commonly used as a surrogate measure of medial compartment loading in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis. This study investigated the effects of four gait modification strategies—toe-in, toeout, trunk lean, and knee thrust—on KAM peak and impulse using a within-subject design. Fourteen healthy adults performed normal walking and each modified gait condition. All gait modifications significantly reduced KAM peak compared to normal gait (p<0.05). However, a significant reduction in KAM impulse was observed only during the toe-out gait (p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the moment arm accounted for 89–92% of the variance in KAM peak, while the combined effects of moment arm and stance time explained 87% of the variance in KAM impulse (p<0.001). The decrease in impulse during toe-out gait was primarily driven by a lower KAM peak without a significant increase in stance time. In contrast, for the other gait modifications, reductions in KAM peak were counterbalanced by prolonged stance time, resulting in no overall reduction in impulse. These findings suggest that both KAM peak and impulse should be considered when selecting gait modification strategies, with toe-out gait appearing to offer the most favorable biomechanical response in healthy adults.
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